Electronic warfare (EW) refers to any activity involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed activity to ascendancy the spectrum, advance an enemy, or impede adversary assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of cyberbanking warfare is to abjure the adversary the advantage of, and ensure affable bare admission to, the EM spectrum. EW can be activated from air, sea, land, and amplitude by manned and unmanned systems, and can ambition communication, radar, or added services. EW includes three above subdivisions: Cyberbanking Advance (EA), Cyberbanking Protection (EP), and Cyberbanking warfare Support (ES).1
Thursday, February 16, 2012
The electromagnetic environment
Military operations are accomplished in an advice ambiance added complicated by the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum allocation of the advice ambiance is referred to as the electromagnetic ambiance (EME). The accustomed charge for aggressive armament to accept bare admission to and use of the electromagnetic ambiance creates vulnerabilities and opportunities for cyberbanking warfare (EW) in abutment of aggressive operations. 1
Within the advice operations construct, EW is an aspect of advice warfare; added specifically, it is an aspect of abhorrent and arresting counterinformation.2
Within the advice operations construct, EW is an aspect of advice warfare; added specifically, it is an aspect of abhorrent and arresting counterinformation.2
Electronic warfare applications
Electronic warfare is any aggressive activity involving the use of the EM spectrum to cover directed activity (DE) to ascendancy the EM spectrum or to advance an enemy. This is not bound to radio or alarm frequencies but includes IR, visible, ultraviolet, and added beneath acclimated portions of the EM spectrum. This includes self-protection, standoff, and escort jamming, and antiradiation attacks. EW is a specialized apparatus that enhances abounding air and amplitude functions at assorted levels of conflict.2
The purpose of EW is to abjure the adversary an advantage in the EM spectrum and ensure affable bare admission to the EM spectrum allocation of the advice environment. EW can be activated from air, sea, land, and amplitude by manned and unmanned systems. EW is active to abutment aggressive operations involving assorted levels of detection, denial, deception, disruption, degradation, protection, and destruction.1
EW contributes to the success of advice operations (IO) by application abhorrent and arresting approach and techniques in a array of combinations to shape, disrupt, and accomplishment adversarial use of the EM spectrum while attention affable abandon of activity in that spectrum. Expanding assurance on the EM spectrum increases both the abeyant and the challenges of EW in advice operations. All of the core, supporting, and accompanying advice operations capabilities either anon use EW or alongside account from EW.2
The arch EW activities accept been developed over time to accomplishment the opportunities and vulnerabilities that are inherent in the physics of EM energy. Activities acclimated in EW include: electro-optical, bittersweet and radio abundance countermeasures; EM affinity and deception; EM hardening, interference, intrusion, and jamming; cyberbanking masking, probing, reconnaissance, and intelligence; electronics security; EW reprogramming; discharge control; spectrum management; and wartime assets modes.12
The purpose of EW is to abjure the adversary an advantage in the EM spectrum and ensure affable bare admission to the EM spectrum allocation of the advice environment. EW can be activated from air, sea, land, and amplitude by manned and unmanned systems. EW is active to abutment aggressive operations involving assorted levels of detection, denial, deception, disruption, degradation, protection, and destruction.1
EW contributes to the success of advice operations (IO) by application abhorrent and arresting approach and techniques in a array of combinations to shape, disrupt, and accomplishment adversarial use of the EM spectrum while attention affable abandon of activity in that spectrum. Expanding assurance on the EM spectrum increases both the abeyant and the challenges of EW in advice operations. All of the core, supporting, and accompanying advice operations capabilities either anon use EW or alongside account from EW.2
The arch EW activities accept been developed over time to accomplishment the opportunities and vulnerabilities that are inherent in the physics of EM energy. Activities acclimated in EW include: electro-optical, bittersweet and radio abundance countermeasures; EM affinity and deception; EM hardening, interference, intrusion, and jamming; cyberbanking masking, probing, reconnaissance, and intelligence; electronics security; EW reprogramming; discharge control; spectrum management; and wartime assets modes.12
Subdivisions
Electronic warfare includes three above subdivisions: cyberbanking advance (EA), cyberbanking aegis (EP), and cyberbanking warfare abutment (ES).1
Electronic advance involves the use of EM energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to advance personnel, facilities, or accessories with the absorbed of degrading, neutralizing, or antibacterial adversary action capability.
Electronic aegis involves accomplishments taken to assure personnel, facilities, and accessories from any furnishings of affable or adversary use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or abort affable action capability.
Electronic warfare abutment is the subdivision of EW involving accomplishments tasked by, or beneath absolute ascendancy of, an operational administrator to seek for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of advised and accidental broadcast EM activity for the purpose of actual blackmail recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of approaching operations.1 These measures activate with systems advised and operators accomplished to accomplish Cyberbanking Intercepts (ELINT) and again allocation and assay broadly accepted as Signals intelligence from such detections to acknowledgment advice and conceivably actionable intelligence (e.g. a ship's identification from different characteristics of a specific radar) to the commander.
Electronic advance involves the use of EM energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to advance personnel, facilities, or accessories with the absorbed of degrading, neutralizing, or antibacterial adversary action capability.
Electronic aegis involves accomplishments taken to assure personnel, facilities, and accessories from any furnishings of affable or adversary use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or abort affable action capability.
Electronic warfare abutment is the subdivision of EW involving accomplishments tasked by, or beneath absolute ascendancy of, an operational administrator to seek for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of advised and accidental broadcast EM activity for the purpose of actual blackmail recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of approaching operations.1 These measures activate with systems advised and operators accomplished to accomplish Cyberbanking Intercepts (ELINT) and again allocation and assay broadly accepted as Signals intelligence from such detections to acknowledgment advice and conceivably actionable intelligence (e.g. a ship's identification from different characteristics of a specific radar) to the commander.
Electronic warfare support
Electronic Warfare Abutment (ES), is the subdivision of EW involving accomplishments tasked by, or beneath absolute ascendancy of, an operational administrator to seek for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of advised and accidental broadcast electromagnetic (EM) activity for the purpose of actual blackmail recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of approaching operations.1
An overlapping discipline, signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the accompanying action of allegory and anecdotic the intercepted frequencies (e.g. as a adaptable buzz or RADAR). SIGINT is torn into three categories: ELINT, COMINT, and FISINT.
The acumen amid intelligence and cyberbanking warfare abutment (ES) is bent by who tasks or controls the accumulating assets, what they are tasked to provide, and for what purpose they are tasked. Cyberbanking warfare abutment is accomplished by assets tasked or controlled by an operational commander. The purpose of ES tasking is actual blackmail recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of approaching operations, and added appropriate accomplishments such as blackmail abstention and homing. However, the aforementioned assets and assets that are tasked with ES can accompanying aggregate intelligence that meets added accumulating requirements.1
Where these activities are beneath the ascendancy of an operational administrator and getting activated for the purpose of situational awareness, blackmail recognition, or EM targeting, they aswell serve the purpose of Cyberbanking Warfare surveillance (ES).
An overlapping discipline, signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the accompanying action of allegory and anecdotic the intercepted frequencies (e.g. as a adaptable buzz or RADAR). SIGINT is torn into three categories: ELINT, COMINT, and FISINT.
The acumen amid intelligence and cyberbanking warfare abutment (ES) is bent by who tasks or controls the accumulating assets, what they are tasked to provide, and for what purpose they are tasked. Cyberbanking warfare abutment is accomplished by assets tasked or controlled by an operational commander. The purpose of ES tasking is actual blackmail recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of approaching operations, and added appropriate accomplishments such as blackmail abstention and homing. However, the aforementioned assets and assets that are tasked with ES can accompanying aggregate intelligence that meets added accumulating requirements.1
Where these activities are beneath the ascendancy of an operational administrator and getting activated for the purpose of situational awareness, blackmail recognition, or EM targeting, they aswell serve the purpose of Cyberbanking Warfare surveillance (ES).
Electronic attack
Electronic advance (EA) or cyberbanking countermeasures (ECM) involves the use of electromagnetic energy, or counter-electromagnetic radiation weapons to advance personnel, facilities, or accessories with the ambition of anon affecting, degrading, neutralizing, or antibacterial an enemy's action adequacy (see Joint Publication JP 3-09, Joint Fire Support).1
EA operations can be detected by an antagonist depending on his akin of abstruse composure and paranoia. Many avant-garde EA techniques are advised to be awful classified. Examples of EA cover communications jamming, IADS suppression, DE/LASER attack, dispensable decoys (e.g., flares and chaff), and radio controlled improvised atomic accessory (RCIED) systems.
EA operations can be detected by an antagonist depending on his akin of abstruse composure and paranoia. Many avant-garde EA techniques are advised to be awful classified. Examples of EA cover communications jamming, IADS suppression, DE/LASER attack, dispensable decoys (e.g., flares and chaff), and radio controlled improvised atomic accessory (RCIED) systems.
Electronic protection
Electronic Protection (EP) (previously accepted as cyberbanking careful measures (EPM) or cyberbanking adverse countermeasures (ECCM)) involves accomplishments taken to assure personnel, facilities, and accessories from any furnishings of affable or antagonist use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or abort affable action capability. Jamming is not allotment of EP, it is an EA measure.
The use of blaze bounce argumentation on an IR missile to adverse an adversary’s use of flares is EP. While arresting EA accomplishments and EP both assure personnel, facilities, capabilities, and equipment, EP protects from the furnishings of EA (friendly and/or adversary). Other examples of EP cover advance spectrum technologies, use of Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL), emissions ascendancy (EMCON), and low observability or "stealth".1
An Cyberbanking Warfare Tactics Ambit (EWTR) is a convenance ambit which provides for the training of aircrew in cyberbanking warfare. There are two such ranges in Europe; one at RAF Spadeadam in the United Kingdom and the POLYGON ambit in Germany and France. EWTRs are able with ground-based accessories to simulate cyberbanking warfare threats that aircrew ability appointment on missions.
The use of blaze bounce argumentation on an IR missile to adverse an adversary’s use of flares is EP. While arresting EA accomplishments and EP both assure personnel, facilities, capabilities, and equipment, EP protects from the furnishings of EA (friendly and/or adversary). Other examples of EP cover advance spectrum technologies, use of Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL), emissions ascendancy (EMCON), and low observability or "stealth".1
An Cyberbanking Warfare Tactics Ambit (EWTR) is a convenance ambit which provides for the training of aircrew in cyberbanking warfare. There are two such ranges in Europe; one at RAF Spadeadam in the United Kingdom and the POLYGON ambit in Germany and France. EWTRs are able with ground-based accessories to simulate cyberbanking warfare threats that aircrew ability appointment on missions.
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